This paper studies battery of battery charging station (BSS) orderly swapping, efficient battery management and reasonable battery allocation. Firstly, based on a user-centered perspective, this paper first establishes the user adaptive response model according to the battery state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) after battery allocation to realize the user autonomous decision-making. Secondly, the battery exchange priority function is establishe. This paper studies battery of battery charging station (BSS) orderly swapping, efficient battery management and reasonable battery allocation. Firstly, based on a user-centered perspective, this paper first establishes the user adaptive response model according to the battery state of health (SOH) and state of charge (SOC) after battery allocation to realize the user autonomous decision-making. Secondly, the battery exchange priority function is established for the ordered exchange of BSS and EV batteries during the battery exchange process. Thirdly, the batteries in the BSS are divided into three battery libraries to be managed according to the difference of battery SOH so that the batteries are accurately and efficiently allocated to the power system and EV services. Finally, BSS transfers excess electricity to the power system through battery to grid (B2G) technology as regulating energy, increasing the flexibility of the power system. Through the analysis of the optimization model, the results show that compared with the random distribution of batteries, the model not only increases the benefits of BSS, but also ensures the distribution of each battery is rapid, accurate and reasonable, realizing the rational use of batteries.••••A two-layer scheduling model for the battery swapping process is proposed.••The addition of the battery swapping criterion makes it more reasonable.••Battery swapping stations can serve the power system and electric vehicles.••Maximize the profitability of battery swapping stations.Electric vehiclesBattery swapping stationState of healthBattery allocationWith the gradual shortage of fossil energy and increasing environmental pollution, as well as the impact of vehicle emissions on global climate change, many countries are making great efforts to develop electric vehicles (EVs) to alleviate these problems,. In order to perform that goal, various policies have been made in many countries around the world to reach the vehicle market share of EVs up to 30% by 2030. To cope with the difficulty of charging due to the development of electric vehicles, more battery charging stations (BCSs) and battery swapping stations (BSSs) will be established in China. Compared to BCS, the charging mode of battery swapping for electric vehicles is widely used due to its short swapping time and flexible scheduling,.BSS systems are a efficient way to replenish energy for EVs, but the operation and management strategies of BSS are also becoming increasingly sophisticated,. The random swapping, charging and discharging of batteries in the BSS system will increase the peak load of the power system, increase the peak-to-valley difference, and affect the safe operation of the power system. The researchers solve these problems from two aspects: scheduling strategy and charging strategy. From the aspects of charging strategy analysis, Wang et al. designed a new two-stage charging mechanis. 2.1. BSS system modelThe BSS system model is shown in Fig. 1. It mainly includes four modules: data control center, BSS, EV and power system. The Control Center (CC) as the optimization scheduling center for data collection, processing, transmission and other services. The BSS is used as an EV energy supply station. On the one hand, the batteries of BSS are used for EVs swapping. On the other hand, the batteries are charged and discharged to the power system through G2B or B2G technology. When the energy consumption of EVs reaches a certain level, they are used as consumers to swap batteries in the BSS. The power system provides energy for the BSS system as an indispensable part. Firstly, when the EVs arrive at the BSS, the CC collects the SOC and SOH of the user battery and the battery in the station. Secondly, the battery is swapped according to the swapping priority function, and the swapped battery is stored in the BSS. Finally, according to the optimization strategy, the battery is allocated accurately and quickly, and the excess electric energy is provided to the power system through the B2G technology to increase the regulation capacity of the power system.Assuming that this optimization model is carried out in a BSS, at the same time, the CC and the EVs can communicate with each other, and it is easily achieved with 5G technology. In addition, the batteries are charged an.
