The growing demand for energy and environmental issues are the main concern for the sustainable development of modern society. Replacing toxic and expensive materials with inexpensive and biodegradable biomaterials is the main challenge for researchers. Nanocomposites are of the utmost consideration for their application in energy storage devices because of their specific electrochemical properties. Cellulose-based bionanocomposit. The growing demand for energy and environmental issues are the main concern for the sustainable development of modern society. Replacing toxic and expensive materials with inexpensive and biodegradable biomaterials is the main challenge for researchers. Nanocomposites are of the utmost consideration for their application in energy storage devices because of their specific electrochemical properties. Cellulose-based bionanocomposites have added a new dimension to this field since these are developed from available renewable biomaterials. Studies on developing electrodes, separators, collectors, and electrolytes for the batteries have been conducted based on these composites rigorously. Electrodes and separators made of these composites for the supercapacitors have also been investigated. Researchers have used a wide range of micro- and nano-structural cellulose along with nanostructured inorganic materials to produce cellulose-based bionanocomposites for energy devices, i.e., supercapacitors and batteries. The presence of cellulosic materials enhances the loading capacity of active materials and uniform porous structure in the electrode matrix. Thus, it has shown improved electrochemical properties. Therefore, these can help to develop biodegradable, lightweight, malleable, and strong energy storage devices. In this review article, the manufacturing process, properties, applications, and possible opportunities of cellulose-based bionanocomposite. MicrocelluloseNanocelluloseElectrodeBatteryA sustainable supply of energy is the utmost concern to meet the growing energy demand in modern society. A sufficient energy supply is crucial for the sustainable development of society [1,2]. Improved living standards and technological development for electronic devices, sensors, and others urge to generate more energy [3,4]. To meet the energy demand, energy storage and conversion into required forms are important considerations [5–7]. Supercapacitors, electrochemical capacitors, can store electrical energy in the interface of electrodes and electrolytes. Electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors [6,9,10], lithium-ion batteries (LIB), zinc-ion batteries (ZIB), and lithium-sulfur batteries (LISB) have a high energy density, capacity retention, and are safe to use. Considering these, researchers have shown their interest in these types of energy storage devices.However, a conventional supercapacitor is composed of expensive and toxic components [, ]. Furthermore, technical issues of LIB and LISB are a hindrance to meeting the growing energy demand for these batteries. Therefore, an environmentally friendly supercapacitor and batteries are necessary to meet the sustainable energy supply. Renewable bio-based materials can replace hazardous materials. These are promising to devel. Biocomposites are composed of biopolymers, i.e., lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose, and bio-based materials [,,, ]. These composite materials also possess inorganic materials in their matrix. Again, nanocomposites contain at least one material with one dimension on a nanometer scale [38,39]. Therefore, bionanocomposit. Cellulose and its derivatives sourced from plants and bacteria in micro and nanostructure have been used to develop cellulose-based bionanocomposites for the implication in energy storage devices. These composite materials have been used to prepare the electrodes, i.e., cathode and anode, separator, and electrolyte for a battery and a supercapacito.
